Behind every toilet flush and faucet turn that draws on a public water system, there’s an entire industry making sure the water meets certain standards.
“Nobody touches the community like a water treatment plant operator,” said William McKeon, who teaches classes geared to prospective operators at Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology.
“Drinking water is public health,” he said, “and wastewater is the front lines of environmental work.”
But McKeon and others in the field worry about a looming shortage of water-treatment plant operators, as a wave of older operators hits retirement age.
McKeon fears that in the next 10 years, there won’t be enough operators to monitor and control every public water system adequately.
Drinking water and wastewater are handled by separate facilities — though both are monitored by licensed operators.
Operators decide when to change chemical-feed rates and monitor details like how much water is flowing through a wastewater plant, among other duties.
McKeon thinks public interest in plant operator jobs is low because public understanding of the job is poor. The public doesn’t realize the job’s importance and its roots in science, he says.
And maybe the public doesn’t know the job pays pretty well, too.
Shortage looms
A 2015 state Department of Environmental Protection report substantiates McKeon’s worries.
It warns that the “scarcity of younger operators and the potential retirement of a large pool of older operators in the coming years may jeopardize the statewide pool of qualified operators.”
As McKeon sees it, the only reason there is not a larger shortage of these operators already is because many retirement-age operators decided to stay on the job after the 2008-09 Great Recession.
However, since the economy is now doing better, those operators will retire, he said.
According to the DEP report, nearly two-thirds of wastewater and drinking water operators are approaching retirement age.
To combat the shortage on the horizon, the report recommended several steps — such as developing more college certificate or associate degree programs — that the DEP, local water authorities and educational institutions could take.
DEP is taking its own advice and partnering with colleges and universities to create more accredited certification programs, making training programs more accessible to people interested in the field.
The number of DEP-approved courses nearly doubled from 2006 to 2016, increasing from 1,508 to 3,012.
But the increase in access to training hasn’t done enough to offset the exodus of operators.
The number of operator license holders in the state dropped by 17 percent in that same 10-year time period — from 10,052 in 2006 to 8,344 in 2016.
In Lancaster County, there are 403 licensed operators, according to DEP. That total consists of 254 active drinking water operators and 248 active wastewater operators (99 have dual licenses).
The number of vacancies here was not available.
Local wastewater and drinking water facilities are feeling the stress of their eroding workforces, and officials recognize the need to entice a younger generation, said Michael Kyle, executive director of the Lancaster Area Sewer Authority.
LASA serves eight municipalities — the townships of East and West Hempfield, Manor, Manheim and Lancaster and the boroughs of East Petersburg, Mountville and Columbia — with a combined served population of 120,000.
Their time is up
Although the departure of baby boomers is being felt across many industries, Kyle said the water industry’s predicament has a contributing factor: federal law.
Passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972 triggered a push to set up the infrastructure of modern wastewater and drinking water treatment plants immediately. The profession saw a huge influx of engineers, operators and mechanics in the following years.
And after decades in the business, “we’re all retiring now,” Kyle said.
The most recent data available from DEP backs Kyle’s assessment.
In 2015, of the 4,095 drinking water operators in the state, 64.5 percent (2,643) were over 50 years old and less than 3 percent were under 30.
Similarly, in the wastewater industry, of the 4,109 operators, 64.7 percent (2,657) were over 50 years old and less than 3 percent were under 30.
At LASA, of the nine operators employed, the average age of the seven experienced operators — defined as having worked in the industry for more than five years – is 61.7 years old.
Because of the advanced age of most of the operators, the authority created a succession plan five years ago. It identified how many operators were planning to retire and strategized how to replace them, Kyle said. Through their planning, they learned that five were planning to retire.
Since then, they’ve all retired and the authority filled the vacancies.
Now LASA expects five more to retire. “I’ll probably lose half of my staff in the next three years,” said Edward Lyle, chief of operations at the authority.
Several other local water and wastewater authorities and bureaus are dealing with the same trend.
So far, they’ve maintained an adequate flow of new employees by getting ahead of the problem.
Joseph Ardini, manager at Mount Joy Borough Authority, employs five licensed operators at its wastewater facility and five at the drinking water facility. One operator at each is expected to retire in the next five years.
However, the authority — which serves about 14,800 people in Mount Joy Borough and portions of Mount Joy, East Donegal and Rapho townships — has three operators who are training to become licensed within the next five years and can fill those upcoming vacancies.
Inclusive approach
Likewise, Kurt Hargrove, chief of operations at City of Lancaster’s Bureau of Water, is not concerned about filling operator positions right now.
“When you talk to me compared to some of these other guys (plant managers), the difference is, we already went through what they are experiencing now,” he said.
The city operates two drinking water treatment facilities that serve a population of 110,000 people in the city and surrounding municipalities.
When the city’s new plant was built in 2010, three or four of nine operators retired, Hargrove said. “If everyone is relatively the same age, then you’ll have a mass retirement.”
The plant was able to fully restaff by taking individuals who were interested in the position — even those who had no experience or certification in the field — and training them to work as an operator.
“We can train you to work at the plant — we just can’t train you to pass the test,” he said.
“You would have to have someone who has the drive, the willingness to study,” said Christine Volkay-Hilditch, the manager of the city’s Bureau of Wastewater.
Like the city’s Bureau of Water, the wastewater side has seen several retirements in recent years, but they were able to replace those individuals, she said.
Volkay-Hilditch acknowledges that there is a shortage of licensed operators in the industry, but says her bureau has had success by bringing in an individual and training them to get licensed.
The city’s wastewater facility has seven operators, one of whom is of retirement age.
“Our bigger concern,” she said, “is just making sure that we have a pipeline of those other technical positions — mechanics, electricians and instrumentation technicians.” Those positions also are needed to keep water and wastewater facilities running, she said.
The Bureau of Wastewater has one facility that serves Lancaster city and surrounding townships.
